Collection of written amendments (Final version)
- Doc. 14955
- A legal status for "climate refugees"
Compendium index
Amendment 1Amendment 2Amendment 3Amendment 4Amendment 5Amendment 6Amendment 7Amendment 8Amendment 9Amendment 10Amendment 11Amendment 12Amendment 13Amendment 15Amendment 14
- Legende:
- In favor
- Against
- No votes
- Withdrawn
Draft resolution
1The Parliamentary Assembly, recalling its Resolution 1655 (2009) and Recommendation 1862 (2009) on Environmentally induced migration and displacement: a 21st century challenge, and the Committee of Ministers reply (Doc. 11999), notes that environmental factors, including climate change, continue to have a dramatic impact on those at risk of being deprived of essential livelihoods, because of natural or man-made environmental disasters which force people to migrate.
2The Assembly welcomes the timely statement made by the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights on World Environment Day (5 June 2019) entitled “Living in a clean environment: a neglected human rights concern for all of us”, which makes reference to the 16 Framework Principles of Human Rights and the Environment issued by the UN Special Rapporteur on human rights and the environment in 2018, which states that “Natural disasters and other types of environmental harm often cause internal displacement and transboundary migration, which can exacerbate vulnerabilities and lead to additional human rights violations and abuses.” (Principle 14h).
3The Assembly considers that the absence of a legally binding definition of “climate refugees” does not preclude the possibility of developing specific policies to protect people who are forced to move as a consequence of climate change. Human mobility and displacement due to climate degradation require a better response. Council of Europe member States should therefore take a more proactive approach to the protection of victims of natural and man-made disasters and improve disaster preparedness mechanisms, both in Europe and in other regions.
4In the light of the above, member States should recognise human migration as a tool for livelihood resilience and a legitimate form of climate change adaptation, and therefore review their management of migration taking this factor into account. Migration being inevitable in certain cases, States need to take a proactive stance to better identify and anticipate the impact on population movements that may be provoked by climate change.
5The Assembly therefore calls for specific action to be taken at local, national and international levels, as follows:
5.1To increase local communities’ thresholds of resilience:
5.1.1local communities’ thresholds of resilience must be increased in accordance with Goal 11 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). More specifically, by 2030, the number of victims must be significantly reduced and the direct economic losses related to global gross domestic product caused by disasters substantially decreased, including in the case of water-related disasters, with a focus on protecting the poor and people in vulnerable situations;
5.1.2by 2020, the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change must be substantially increased to improve resilience to disasters, and “holistic disaster risk management at all levels” developed, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030;
5.1.3measures must be taken to improve disaster preparedness at local level, targeting vulnerable populations such as children and people with disabilities, who should be actively involved in the planning, shaping and implementation phases of disaster management. Those responsible for disaster management (such as specialised experts in this area) need to be appropriately trained and educated.
5.2To improve the capacity to react and cope with disasters at national level:
5.2.1disaster preparedness strategies should include measures to protect people affected by climate change-induced disasters that force displacement. Human mobility must be mainstreamed at all levels. Specific action plans to implement the Sendai Framework of Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development should be set up as a matter of priority, and the recommendations put forward by the UN Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) on 13-17 May 2019 should be implemented, with a specific emphasis on the protection of vulnerable groups (migrants, asylum-seekers, refugees, people with disabilities, children);
5.2.2disaster risk reduction should be integrated into sustainable development policies and planning in accordance with internationally agreed action plans, such as the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015;
5.2.3institutions, mechanisms and capacities to build resilience to hazards and to incorporate risk reduction approaches into the implementation of emergency preparedness, response and recovery programmes should be reinforced, including by making disaster risk reduction a priority, improving risk information and early warning, building a culture of safety and resilience, reducing the risks in key sectors, and strengthening preparedness for an efficient response;
5.2.4the thresholds and the triggers of displacement should be the object of further research, while acknowledging the multiple causes of displacement which mean that climate change and conflict/violence interact.
5.3To enhance co-ordination, mediation and funding:
5.3.1developments in international human rights law should be taken into account, with a view to strengthening overall protection of human mobility following environment-related disasters or climate changes. In particular, implementation of mechanisms such as the 2009 African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa (Kampala Convention) should be promoted through European development co-operation programmes;
5.3.2the obligation to protect internally displaced persons (IDPs) for environmental reasons must be considered as the first level of legal protection in the legislation of each member State. The reception of natural disaster victims in the territory of member States should be foreseen in domestic law, inter alia by the grant of temporary residence status;
5.3.3consideration should be given to the establishment of an international solidarity fund to provide protection to people forced to migrate due to climate disasters. Co-operation with the Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB) could be considered, in accordance with the Declaration of European Principles for the Environment signed by the CEB on 30 May 2006 together with the European Commission and several other international financial organisations (EIB, EBRD, NEFCO, NIB) in a joint effort to implement the fundamental right of present and future generations to live in a healthy environment;
5.3.4disaster preparedness and risk reduction strategies should be implemented, thereby strengthening resilience and capacity to adapt to climate-related hazards and natural disasters, climate change measures should be integrated into national policies and planning, and progress monitored regularly;
5.3.5education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning should be developed, with focus on women, youth and local and marginalised communities;
5.3.6the commitment undertaken by developed-country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilising jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 should be fulfilled and the Green Climate Fund fully operationalised;
5.3.7comprehensive cross-disciplinary research and co-operation between environmental, migration, climate-research and demographic centres should be carried out to produce reliable forecast data on environmentally induced migration.