Eleventh partial triennial renewal of the European Court of Human Rights (Articles 38 to 40 for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms)

10 January 1992

Doc. 6542

1403-7/1/92-1-E

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS

on the eleventh partial triennial renewal

of the European Court of Human Rights1

(Articles 38 to 40 of the Convention for the Protection

of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms)

Letter from the Secretary General to the President

of the Assembly, dated 20 December 1991

Sir,

I have the honour to inform you that the terms of office of the judges of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, Sweden and the United Kingdom will expire on 20 January 1992. It is therefore necessary to proceed to the elections of judges of the Court in respect of these six countries.

Article 39, paragraph 1, of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms provides as follows: "The members of the Court shall be elected by the Assembly by a majority of the votes cast from a list of persons nominated by the Members of the Council of Europe; each Member shall nominate three candidates of whom two at least shall be its nationals".

The list of candidates drawn up by the Committee of Ministers at the 468th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies (13 December 1991), on the basis of the nominations made by the Governments of Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, Sweden and the United Kingdom, is as follows.

Germany

Mr R. BERNHARDT

Mr G. RESS

Mr G.-H. KEMPER

Greece

Mr N. VALTICOS

Mr E. SPILIOTOPOULOS

Mr Th. HALKIOPOULOS

Italy

Mr C. RUSSO

Mr G. TROTTA

Mr C. MERENDA

Malta

Mr G. MIFSUD BONNICI

Mr G. BONELLO

Mr D.J. ATTARD

Sweden

Mrs E. PALM

Mr B. BENGTSSON

Mr B. VOSS

United Kingdom

Sir John FREELAND

Mr H. STEEL

Lady FOX

The biographical notes of the candidates are appended to this letter.

It should be noted that "Members of the Court shall be elected for a period of nine years. They may be re-elected" (Article 40, paragraph 1, of the European Convention of Human Rights). The mandates of the judges to be elected or re-elected should for this reason expire on 20 January 2001.

Please accept, Sir, the assurance of my highest consideration.

signed: Catherine LALUMIERE

A P P E N D I X

GERMANY

Rudolph BERNHARDT

Born on 29 April 1925 in Kassel

1948-52 Law studies at Frankfurt University, ending with the First State Examination in Law

1952-56 Professional training, ending with the Second State Examination in Law

1954-65 Member of the scientific staff of the Max-Planck Institute for Foreign Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg

1955 Doctor of Laws (University of Frankfurt)

1959 Studies (for four months) at Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Mass, USA

1962 Advanced dissertation (Habilitation) and junior professorship in German and foreign public law and international law (venia legendi)

1965-70 Professor of public law at Frankfurt University

Since 1970 Director of the Max-Planck Institute for Foreign Public Law and International Law in Heidelberg and Professor at Heidelberg University

1973-77 President of the German Society for International Law

Since 1981 Judge of the European Court of Human Rights

1984-89 Chairman of the Executive Committee of the German Society for Comparative Law

1987 Membre associé de l'Institut de Droit international

1989 Honorary member of the American Society of International Law

1990 Dr. iur. honoris causa, Meiji University in Tokyo

Author of numerous publications on international law and constitutional law. Editor of the 12 volume Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 1981-90.

Georg RESS

Professor of Public Law, International Law and European Community Law, University of the Saarland, D-6600 Saarbrücken; Dr. iur, Dr. rer. pol.

Director, Institute of European Studies; Member of the Board of Experts of Public International Law, German Foreign Office, Bonn; Honorary Secretary, German Branch of the International Law Association; Hon. Fellow, Faculty of Law, University of Edinburgh; External Member, Finnish Academy of Science, Helsinki.

Born 21 January 1935 in Berlin; son of Konrad Ress (Judge, Court of Appeal/Kammorgericht, Berlin) and Gertrud Ress (née Morawitz); married to Franziska Hammerstein-Equord; three children.

Address: Am Botanischen Garten 6, D-6600 Saarbrücken.

Education:

1955-59 studies (law and economics) at Berlin Free University; summer 1956 at Grenoble University; 1959-62 at Vienna University (law, economics and political science);

State law examinations (1959 Referendar; 1964 Assessor in Berlin); 1963 Dr. rer. pol, Vienna University; 1972 Dr. iur, Heidelberg University.

Career:

1964-66 Research Assistant at the Institute of Advanced Studies, Vienna;

1966-76 Research fellow at the Max-Planck Institute of Foreign and International Public Law, Heidelberg;

1968-71 University Assistant, Faculty of Law, Heidelberg;

1976 Habilitation in public and international law, Heidelberg University;

1976-77 Lecturer at Heidelberg University;

Federal Constitutional Court Official, Karlsruhe;

Since 1977 Full Professor at Saarbrücken University; Director, Institute of European Studies;

1979-80 Dean of the Law Department of the Faculty of Law and Economics at Saarbrücken University;

1979-83 Member of the University's Central Research Commission, Chairman of the University Council and member of the University Senate;

1980-87 Deputy-judge, Constitutional Court of Saarland;

1980-88 Expert in public international law for the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).

Since 1980 Member of the Board of Experts in International Law of the Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bonn;

1985 Honorary Fellow, Old College, Faculty of Law, Edinburgh University;

1986-88 First Vice-President of the Saarbrücken University;

Since 1987 Foreign Member, Finnish Academy of Science, Helsinki/Helsingfors.

Lectures and visiting professorships:

At various foreign universities (inter alia 1977 Fribourg/Switzerland; Abo and Helsinki; 1978 Taipeh and Tokyo; 1979 Buenos Aires), 1980 Report to the 5th Colloquy on Human Rights, Council of Europe/Frankfurt; 1981 and 1986 Tokyo; Strasbourg 1982; Exeter 1982; Thessaloniki 1983 and 1984; Rom and Sassari 1983 and 1984; Edinburgh 1983, 1984 and 1985; Nancy 1984, 1985, 1986 and 1987; Aix-en-Provence 1986, 1987, 1990; Notre Dame (USA) 1986; Mauritius and St Denis/Réunion, 1987; Paris 1989, Rapporteur of the ILA Interntional Committee on State Immunity (since 1988).

Author of numerous publications on international law and constitutional law.

Gerd-Heinrich KEMPER

Born on 9 July 1938 in Berlin

1956-61 Law studies at Berlin and Frankfurt Universities, ending with First State Examination in Law

1962-67 Professional training, ending with the Second State Examination in Law

1964 Doctor of Laws (University of Berlin)

1965-67 Employment on the legal staff of a private legal practice

1967-72 Employment in the Federal Ministry of the Interior (inter alia, in the sections on the law relating to aliens and on constitutional law)

1967-68 Studies (for 14 months) at the Ecole Nationale d'Administration (ENA) in Paris

1972-76 Member of the Legal Examinations Board in Berlin

Since 1973 Lectureship in constitutional law at the Administrative Academy in Berlin

1976-81 Senate Counsellor attached to the Senator for Justice in Berlin (Head of Section for public law, legislation and administrative procedural law)

Since 1981 Judge of the Federal Administrative Court in Berlin

GREECE

Nicolas VALTICOS

Greek nationality, born 8 April 1918.

Judge at the European Court of Human Rights.

Judge ad hoc at the Institute of International Law.

Member of the Athens Academy.

Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

Former Deputy Director General, International Labour Office.

Former professor in the Faculty of Law, Geneva University.

University studies at the Faculty of Law, Paris.

Graduate in law (1939). Doctor of law (state doctorate with commendation) (1948). Prize-winner in the Paris Faculty of Law (awarded Faculty prize and Elder Dupin prize for thesis, 1948-49).

Barrister, Athens Bar (1941).

Head of section of the committee responsible for administering aid in Greece (under the auspices of the International Committee of the Red Cross) (1942-45).

Joined the International Labour Office in January 1949.

In 1955, head of the division responsible for implementing conference decisions. In 1964, head of the department responsible for international labour standards. From 1976 to 1981, Deputy Director General, Counsellor for international labour standards.

Member and Chairman of various arbitration boards and international committees of inquiry.

Judge ad hoc at the International Court of Justice, 1984-85 (Continental Shelf case, Libya/Malta) and since 1987 (case involving the border dispute between El Salvador and Honduras).

In 1986, appointed judge at the European Court of Human Rights.

Associate professor, Faculty of Law, Geneva University (1972-81).

Member of the Institute of International Law, Secretary General (1981-91), First Vice-President since 1991.

Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

Honorary doctor, Universities of Athens (Greece), Louvain (Belgium), Utrecht (Netherlands) and Neuchâtel (Switzerland). Member of the Athens Academy.

Holder of the Henri Rolin Chair of International Law (Belgium), 1979-80.

Member of the Executive Committee of the Council of the International Institute of Human Rights. Honorary member of the American Society of International Law, member of the French Society for International Law, the International Law Association and the Greek International Law Society. Commander of the Order of Honour (Greece), 1981. Officer of the Legion of Honour (France), 1982. Commander of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (Spain), 1986. Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Raymond of Penafort (Spain), 1989.

Has given numerous lectures at, among other places, the Academy of International Law, the Hague (on two occasions, in 1968 and 1975), the International Institute of Human Rights, Strasbourg, the International Seminar for Diplomats (Salzburg, Austria), the Institute of Advanced International Studies, Geneva, the International Institute for Diplomatic Studies, Paris and at various universities, meetings and associations in Belgium, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, the United States, France, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, Romania and Switzerland.

Has written more than 120 works, studies and articles on questions involving international law, human rights, civil law and labour law, including:

International Labour Law, Paris, Dalloz, 1st edition 1970, 2nd edition 1983, 683 pp, which has been translated into English, Spanish, Japanese and Korean. It is currently being translated into Russian.

Epaminondas SPILIOTOPOULOS

Professor of Administrative Law, Faculty of Law, University of Athens; Director of the National Public Law Section; Barrister at the Council of State and the Court of Cassation.

Born in Thessaloniki, 23 December 1925; married, two daughters.

University education and career

- Law degree, 1950.

- Degree in Economics and Politics, 1952.

Doctorate (Faculty of Law, Paris, 1955), Faculty prize winner.

Doctorate of the Faculty of Law, University of Athens, 1962.

Lecturer, Faculty of Law, University of Athens, 1972.

Professor, Faculty of Law, University of Athens, August 1974.

Honorary doctor, University of Aix-Marseilles II.

Honorary doctor, University of Paris II.

Published works:

The distinction between public and private institutions in French law, Paris 1959, LGDJ.

Public enterprise, Athens 1963 (in Greek); summary of this work (28 pages) in Public Economy Annals, 1966, No. 3.

Questions concerning the authorities' regulatory powers, Athens, 1968 (in Greek).

Summary of administrative law, 5th edition, Athens 1991 (in Greek).

Articles in Greek, French and English in various reviews, collections and jubilee books.

Greek administrative law, LGDJ, 1991.

Scientific and social activity

Visiting professor, University of Paris I (1982), Temple School of Law (1982 and 1987) and University of Aix-Marseilles II II (1986); lectures at the Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Paris II, University of Liverpool, University College, London, Wolfson College, Cambridge, the Catholic University of Louvain-la-Neuve and University of Geneva.

President, vice-president, secretary general or member of several scientific foundations and associations: Greek Section of the International Centre of Research and Information on Public and Co-operative Economy; Association of Friends of the French Legal System (Section of the Henri Capitant Association); Administrative Law Society; Greek Institute of Administrative Sciences; Mr Stassinopoulos Foundation of Administrative Law, Association for the Distribution of Useful Books, International Civil Service Association, etc.

During the occupation of Greece, headed groups of resistance organisations (1942-44).

Theodore HALKIOPOULOS

- Born 28 June 1928

- Law Degree, Athens University

- Ph.D Degree (Public International Law), Athens University

- Former Lecturer in Public International Law in the Faculty of Law of the Athens University (1966-77)

- Member of the Athens Bar Association and practising lawyer (1963-77)

- Special Legal Adviser to the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs

- Member of the Greek delegation to the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (1975-82)

- Chairman of the Greek Delegation to the Preparatory Commission for the International Sea-Bed Authority and for the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea

- Vice-Chairman, and Acting Chairman (7th and 8th Sessions) of the Special Commission 4 of the above Preparatory Commission

- Member of the ad hoc Committee of Experts on the Underwater Cultural Heritage of the Council of Europe (1980-85)

- Member of the Société Française pour le Droit International

- Publications:

- "Prize Law Questions during the Greek War of Independence", Athens 1974 (130 pages, in Greek)

- "Interrelation between the Rules of the New Law of the Sea and the Law of Armed Conflict at Sea" in Dupuy Vignes, Traité du Nouveau Droit de la Mer, Paris 1985

- Foreign languages: French, English

ITALY

Carlo RUSSO

- Born on 19 March 1920

- Since January 1981, Judge at the European Court of Human Rights

- Chairman of the Council of Europe's Appeals Board

- Since October 1980, Chairman of the Italian Committee for the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, taking part in the Conferences of Madrid, Ottawa, Budapest, Vienna, Paris, Sofia, Copenhagen and Moscow

- Professor at the Political Sciences Faculty of the International University of Social Studies (LUISS) ;

Director of the LUISS Human Rights Centre

- Member of the Steering Committee and the Scientific Council for the CSCE of the University of Perugia and the Perugia University for Foreigners

- Member of the Diplomatic Disputes Council

- Author of numerous publications on human rights, international law and international politics

- President of the Italian Association for Foreign Policy Studies (AISPE) and responsible Director of the journal "Affari Esteri"

- Adviser to the Italian International Organisation Company (SIOI) and member of the International Affairs Institute (IAI)

- Seven times elected Member of Parliament for the Genoa constituency, 1948-79

- Held several ministerial portfolios : Posts and Telecommunications, Foreign Trade, for the United Nations (Head of Delegation), for Relations with Parliament

- State Secretary in the Prime Minister's Office, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence

- Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Chamber of Deputies during two parliamentary periods.

GAETANO TROTTA

- Born in Campobasso on 5 February 1938

- Law degree from the Rome Faculty in 1960

- Winner of the entrance examination for the judiciary; appointed judge in Turin in 1964

- Transferred to Rome in 1966, as a judge of first instance, dealing with both criminal and civil cases

- At the end of 1967, appointed attaché to the judiciary and research assistant in the Constitutional Court

- In 1975 passed the public competitive examination for the post of researcher/adviser to the State Council; appointed chief researcher/adviser in 1977 and State Councillor in 1979

- From January 1985 to July 1987, member of the Council for Administrative Justice for Sicily still as State Councillor

- Contributed to many legal journals and to the Treccani Encyclopaedias entries on "radioactivity" and "consent" ; also helped with research for the "Economic Constitution", published by the ISLE by writing an article on the Audit Office

- In 1961, appointed a member of the Committee for the Restructuring of State Holdings by the President of the State Council

- Is a member of the Central Taxation Committee in the Ministry of Finance and of the Higher Council of Public Works in the Ministry of Public Works

- During the 1977-78 academic year, professor of administrative justice holding the Chair of Administrative Law in the G D'Annunzio de Teramo University

- During the 1989-90 academic year, Professor at the Higher Civil Service College

- In 1977-78, Head of the Legislative Office in the Ministry of Health; in 1978, appointed to the Legislative Office and given responsibility for relations with the constitutional organs of the Presidency of the Republic

- In 1987-88, Head of the Private Office of the Minister for State Holdings; in 1988, Head of the Private Office of the Minister for Social Affairs and acting Head of the Private Office of the Minister for Employment and Social Insurance.

Claudio MERENDA

- Born on 24 February 1921

- Elected Member of Parliament four times

- State Councillor from 1972 to 1982

- Section President of the State Council

- President of the Aosta Regional Administrative Tribunal

- Honorary President of the State Council.

MALTA

Giuseppe MISFSUD BONNICI

Born - Cospicua, Malta 17 July 1930, son of the late Professor Carmelo and Mary née Ross

Doctor of Laws - University of Malta 1951-58

Post-graduate course at the Istituto di Filosofia del Diritto - Rome University 1965-66

Lecturer in Philosophy of Law, University of Malta - 1966 to 1988, and appointed Professor in Philosophy of Law in 1988

Private legal practice - 1958-88

Judge of the Superior Courts - 1988

Chief Justice and President of the Constitutional Court and of the Court of Appeal - 1990

Married - Maria née Cremona 1959.

Giovanno BONELLO

Born 1936 in Floriana, Malta

Graduated Doctor of Laws in 1958

In private practice, partner of the Law Firm "Farrugia, Gatt & Falzon"

Has defended over eighty human rights cases before the Civil Court and the Constitutional Court of Malta, the European Commission of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights

Adviser on constitutional matters to various constituted bodies

Taught theory and practice of human rights at the Police Academy

President of the Academy for the Development of a Democratic Environment

Examiner of human rights thesis at the University of Malta

Participated in various human rights seminars, in Malta and Europe

Malta's delegate in the Council of Europe's Commission for Democracy through Law (The Venice Commission)

Assisted in the drafting of the European Convention Act, 1987

Awarded the title "Cavaliere della Republica" by the President of the Italian Republic

Various publications of human rights, historical, antiquarian and history of art interest.

David Joseph ATTARD

Date of birth: 29 March 1953

Marital status: Married, three children

Languages: Fluent: English, Italian and Maltese

Working knowledge: French and Spanish

Scholarships:

1973 Council of Europe, Strasbourg

1976 American Legal Studies, Salzburg

1977 British Council, Oxford

1978 Nuffield Foundation, Researchship, Oxford

Academic Qualifications:

1976 Notary Public, University of Malta

1977 Doctor of Laws, University of Malta

1985 Doctor of Philosophy (International Law) University of Oxford

Prizes:

1987 Paul Guggenheim Prize (International Law), Geneva

1988 MUYAP Award, Istanbul

Appointments:

1986 Associate Professor in the Department of Public Law, University of Malta

1989 Professor, IMO International Maritime Law Institute

1990 Deputy Director Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies

1991 Professor in Public Law, University of Malta

Summary

Professor David Attard read law at the University of Malta (LL.D) and the University of Oxford (D.Phil). He is a practising advocate specialising in international legal matters. Over the past years, he has been the consultant to the Prime Minister of Malta and adviser to three consecutive Foreign Ministers of Malta. Professor Attard has contributed various articles to learned journals. Amongst his best known works his book "The Exclusive Economic Zone in International Law" (Clarendon Press) which was awarded the Paul Guggenheim (International Law) Prize, Geneva.

In 1988, on Professor Attard's advice, the Government of Malta requested the United Nations to take action to protect the global climate. His proposal led to the unanimously accepted General Assembly Resolution 43/53. The following year, the Maltese Government - acting on his advice - brought to the attention of the UN General Assembly the need to protect the environmental integrity of the area beyond national jurisdiction.

Professor Attard has been a senior legal adviser to the Executive Director of UNEP, and a special adviser to the IMO Secretary General. In his latter capacity, he was instrumental in the establishment of the IMO International Maritime Law Institute. In 1988 he proposed the idea of the establishment of the Mediterranean Academy for Diplomatic Studies. This academy was set up in 1990 by the Maltese and Swiss Governments.

SWEDEN

Elisabeth PALM

Born on 27 July 1936 in Helsingborg

Bachelor of Law, Uppsala University, 1959

Examination Certificate in the French language, Göteborgs University, 1975

Reporting Clerk, Court of Appeal, 1964

Associate Judge, Court of Appeal, 1971

Judge, Administrative Court of Appeal, 1972

Head of Division, Administrative Court of Appeal, 1979

Legal adviser, Ministry of Local Government, 1976

Permanent Under-Secretary, Ministry of Local Government, 1978

Under-Secretary of State, Ministry of Local Government, 1979-82

Justice of the Supreme Administrative Court since 1983

Member of the Council of Legislation 1987-89

Judge of the European Court of Human Rights, Strasbourg, since 1988

Commissions etc

President of the Swedish County Administration

Organisation Board, 1979-82

Member of the Board of the National Agency for Government Employers, 1979-82

Vice-President of the National Institute for Personnel Administration and Training, 1979-82

Vice-President of the Psychiatric Council since 1984

Vice-President of the Appeals Board of the Swedish Church since 1986

President of the Community Radio Commission since 1986

President of the Swedish section of the International Institute of Administrative Sciences, Brussels, since 1984

Member of the Executive Committee of the same institute since 1985

Deputy of the Appeals Board of the OECD 1987-90

Member of the Administrative Tribunal of the OECD since 1990

Special assignments

Participated in numerous official studies as chairman, member or expert:

The County Court Committee (expert 1977-80)

The Official Report on Bureaucracy (member 1977-79)

The Official Report on Administrative Law (expert 1978-83)

Chairman of the Working Group Governmental Agencies' Supervision and Control of Local and County Council Activity (1980-82)

Special government investigator on the question of women clergymen (1979-81)

Special government investigator on municipal responsibility 1986-89

Publications, int. al

Co-editor of the Public Service Handbook, published by the Ministry of Local Government (first three additions)

Articles:

Managerial Responsibility in Public Administration (1980)

The question of women clergymen - a conflict between different freedoms of rights (1983)

The community radio - an exception from the broadcasting media monopoly (1987).

Bertil BENGTSSON

Born on 13 May 1926 in Gothenburg

University studies at the University of Uppsala 1944-46 BA 1946 (English, French, History of Literature)

Military service 1946-47

Law studies at the University of Uppsala 1947-50

Bachelor of Laws, 1950

Work at lawyer's office 1950-51

Law clerk at District Court of Motala 1951-53

Law clerk and assistant judge at the Court of Appeal of Gothenburg 1954-56 and periodically 1957-65

Judge at several district courts periodically 1957-66

Doctor of Law 1960 at the University of Uppsala

Assistant professor of private law 1960-62 at the same university

Associate professor of private law 1962-67 at the same university

Judge referee to the Supreme Court 1967-68

Professor of private law at the University of Stockholm 1968-74

Professor of private law at the University of Uppsala 1974-76

Head of Division at the Svea Court of Appeal 1976-77

Supreme Court Justice since 1977

Doctor of Law honoris causa at the universities of Copenhagen (1988), Helsinki (1990), and Oslo (1991)

Commissions etc

Member and secretary of the Tort Liability Commission 1967-75

Member of the Products Liability Commission 1974-79

Member of the Products Liability Committee of the Council of Europe 1972-76

Chairman of the Environment Damages Committee 1979-83

Chairman of the Insurance Law Committee 1980-89

Chairman of the Insurance Business Committee since 1990

Publications

Author of about 20 books.

Author of a number of articles on the law of tort, insurance, contract, family, real estate, environment and constitution

Member of Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

Bertil Gustaf Philip VOSS

Born on 25 September 1927 in Stockholm

Bachelor of Law, University of Stockholm, 1951

Employments

1951-54 Law clerk in various district courts

1955-58 Judge referee to Court of Appeal

1959-62 Chief administrator of the National Rent Tribunal

1964 Associate Judge, Court of Appeal

1964-67 Legal adviser, Ministry of Transport and Communications

1967-70 Head of Division, Deputy Head of International Affairs, same Ministry

1971-80 Deputy Under-Secretary of State, Head of International Affairs, same Ministry

1974 Judge, Court of Appeal

Since 1980 Justice of the Supreme Administrative Court

1984 and

1986-87 Member of the Council of Legislation

Commissions

1965-72 Member and Vice-President of the National Rent Tribunal

1978 Chairman of the UNCTAD Shipping Committee

1978 and 1980 Chairman of the UNCTAD Working Group on the flag of convenience issue

1979-81 President o the OECD Maritime Committee

1981-83 Chairman of the Co-ordinating Committee for Railway Goods Transports

Since 1984 President of the Psychiatric Council

Since 1987 Member of the Scientific Council of the National Board of Health and Welfare

Since 1988 Chairman of the Pension Institute of the Merchant Marine

Since 1991 Member of the Board of the National Administration of Forensic Medicine

Since 1986 Auditor of the International Association of Supreme Administrative Jurisdictions

Special assignments, inter alia

Swedish representative to various international organisations and conferences in the transport and communications fields

Swedish chief negotiator in bilateral shipping, civil aviation and road transport matters

Chairman of the investigation of matters concerning the registration of Swedish ships under foreign flags

Special Governmental Investigator on the question concerning organisation and administration of investigating air and sea accidents

Special Governmental Investigator on the legislation concerning seamen's working conditions.

UNITED KINGDOM

Sir John FREELAND

KCMG 1984 (CMG 1973); QC 1987; Barrister; Judge of the Arbitral Tribunal and Mixed Commission for the Agreement on German External Debts since 1988; member of US-Chile International Commission of Investigation since 1988; Consultant to certain UK Dependent Territories on the application of United Nations Human Rights instruments since 1990. Judge at the European Court of Human Rights since April 1991

Born 16 July 1927

Educated: Stowe School (Scholar); Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (Exhibitioner), BA Hons. (1948), MA: called to Bar, Lincoln's Inn, 1952 (Tancred Scholar); Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, 1985; member ad eundem, Middle Temple

Royal Navy, 1945 and 1948-51

Assistant Legal Adviser, Foreign Office, 1954-63 and 1965-67. First Secretary and Legal Adviser, British Embassy, Bonn, 1963-65

Legal Counsellor, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1967-70 and 1973-76

Second Legal Adviser, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1976-84

Legal Adviser, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1984-87

Agent of the United Kingdom Government in cases before the European Commission of Human Rights, 1966-70. Member of UK legal team in cases before the International Court of Justice (including Expenses case) and the Court of Justice of the European Communities (Luxembourg)

United Kingdom member of the Council of Europe's Steering Committee on Human Rights, 1980-84

Member of United Kingdom delegation to various international conferences, including the 1959 Geneva Conference of Foreign Ministers on Germany and Berlin and the 1962 Conference on Laos

United Kingdom representative on the Sixth Committee of the United Nations General Assembly, and on other United Nations committees, including the Legal Sub-Committee of the Outer Space Committee, the Charter Committee, UNCITRAL, the Committee on the Definition of Aggression, and the Committee on the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States

Leader of the United Kingdom delegation to the Diplomatic Conference on Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflict, Geneva, 1975-77

Member, Executive Committee, David Davies Memorial Institute of International Studies since 1974

Member, Council of Management, British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 1984-87

Member, Committee of Management, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, 1984-87.

Henry STEEL

CMG 1976; OBE 1965; Barrister; Leader of United Kingdom delegation to UN Human Rights Commission, Geneva, since 1987; Principal Legal Adviser to the Government of the British Antarctic Territory since 1989

Born 13 January 1926

Educated: Christ's College, Finchley; New College, Oxford. BA Oxon 1950. Called to Bar, Lincoln's Inn, 1951

Royal Army Service Corps, and Intelligence Corps, 1944-47

Legal Assistant, Colonial Office, 1955-60

Senior Legal Assistant, Colonial Office, 1960-65

Assistant Legal Adviser, Commonwealth Relations Office, 1965-67

Legal Counsellor, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 1967-73 and 1976-79

Counsellor (Legal Adviser), UK Mission to the United Nations, 1973-76. Assistant Legal Secretary, Law Officers' Department, 1979-84. Legal Secretary to the Law Officers, 1983-86

Legal Adviser to the Governor of Southern Rhodesia, 1979-80

Agent of the United Kingdom Government in cases before the European Commission and Court of Human Rights, 1970-76

Member of the United Kingdom delegation to various constitutional and international conferences

United Kingdom representative on the Sixth Committee of the United Nations, and on other United Nations committees, including the Sea-Bed Committee, the Legal Sub-Committee of the Outer Space Committee, and the Committee on the Definition of Aggression

Director, Commonwealth Legal Advisory Service, British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 1986-87.

Lady FOX

General Editor, International and Comparative Law Quarterly since 1987; Barrister.

Born 22 October 1928.

Educated: Roedean School; Somerville College, Oxford - 1st Class Jurisprudence, 1949; MA. Called to Bar, Lincoln's Inn, 1950 (Buchanan Prize); Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, 1989.

Practised at the Bar, 1950-54.

Lecturer in Jurisprudence, Somerville College, 1951-58.

Lecturer, Council of Legal Education, 1962-76.

Fellow of Somerville College, 1976-81; Hon. Fellow, 1988.

Director, British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 1982-89.

Chairman, London Rent Assessment Panel since 1977.

Member, London Leasehold Valuation Tribunal since 1981.

Member, Home Office Departmental Committee on Jury Service, 1963-65.

Justice of the Peace, London, 1959-77.

Chairman, Tower Hamlets Juvenile Court, 1968-76.

Publications: (with J.L. Simpson) International Arbitration (1959);

International Economic Law and Developing States (edited, 1988); Joint Development of Offshore Oil and Gas, Vol I (edited, 1989),

Vol. II (edited, 1990)

1 ¹ See Docs. 918, 1361, 1652, 1856, 1968, 2063, 2120, 2272, 2314, 2877, 3010, 3171, 3231, 3240, 3315, 3388, 3461, 3594, 3599, 3700, 3811, 3901, 3915, 3966, 4141, 4459, 4515, 4604, 4653, 4654, 4819, 4996, 5387, 5489, 5498, 5619, 5833, 5861, 5925, 5987, 6083, 6153, 6269, 6407, 6415, 6467 and 6468.